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黃慶來醫師小兒耳鼻喉
Missing parameters [description]
- Diagnosis : history and physical findings, clear rhinorrhea, pale discoloration of nasal mucosa, and red and watery eyes) and one or more of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, or sneezing.
- associated conditions : asthma, atopic dermatitis, sleep-disordered breathing, conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and otitis media.
- Specific IgE testing (blood or skin) if necessary
- Sinonasal imaging: not routine
- Intranasal steroids: if symptoms affect quality of life.
- Oral 2nd generation antihistamine
- Intranasal antihistamines for seasonal, perennial, or episodic AR.
- Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists:not primary therapy for patients with AR.
- Combination pharmacologic therapy:most effective combination therapy is an intranasal steroid and an intranasal antihistamine.
- Immunotherapy :inadequate response to pharmacologic therapy.
- Avoidance of known allergens or environmental control
- Inferior turbinate reduction
